Posts Tagged ‘landscape lighting’

Most HOME burglaries

Sunday, July 24th, 2011

According to FBI statistics, 65% of burglaries take place at residential structures. And most of these could have been prevented because of lack of planning or knowledge.  Here is a list of simple things to keep intruders from your home.

  1. Shrubs and trees that obscure windows are attractive entry points for burglars. Keep them cut back.
  2. If ladders must be stored outside, then lock them down.
  3. Always keep bicycles, equipment, and tools locked up in the garage or shed.
  4. The door leading from the garage to the house is a favorite access point for burglars because it’s often unlocked!
  5. When you are away, make sure someone collects your mail and newspapers daily.
  6. Burglars hate exterior lighting. Dimly lit properties make their job so easy.
  7. Don’t. Please Don’t tell the world you will be gone and tell them what days you will be not be home. (FACEBOOK)

The part I can help with the most is the lighting. “Motion sensors can be a good start. If installed properly, and not easily reached, they will alert you to people ( and large animals ) in your yard.

Better yet, a low energy landscape lighting system will beautify your home and send the intruders packing to a dark house. They hate light.

better and safer lighting

You can buy and install your own lighting. The instructions from the manufacturer seem simple enough. BUT.

I am here to tell you, that most of the homeowners that install their own lighting are very unhappy with the results and within a few months, the lights start to quit working.

I can offer you a lighting package with a lifetime warranty on the fixtures, transformer, and the installation. You will not only have a great looking home, but you can enjoy the peace of mind knowing the bad guys are looking for someone else’s home.

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.

Master electrician in Lewisville talks about – reference- LED III -doe

Wednesday, January 19th, 2011

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.

Comparing LEDs to Traditional Light Sources

Energy efficiency proponents are accustomed to comparing light sources on the basis of luminous efficacy. To compare LED sources to CFLs, for example, the most basic analysis should compare lamp-ballast efficacy to LED+driver efficacy in lumens per watt. Data sheets for white LEDs from the leading manufacturers will generally provide “typical” luminous flux in lumens, test current (mA), forward voltage (V), and junction temperature (Tj), usually 25 degrees Celsius. To calculate lm/W, divide lumens by current times voltage. As an example, assume a device with typical flux of 45 lumens, operated at 350 mA and voltage of 3.42 V. The luminous efficacy of the LED source would be:

45 lumens/(.35 amps x 3.42 volts) = 38 lm/W

To include typical driver losses, multiply this figure by 85%, resulting in 32 lm/W. Because LED light output is sensitive to temperature, some manufacturers recommend de-rating luminous flux by 10% to account for thermal effects. In this example, accounting for this thermal factor would result in a system efficacy of approximately 29 lm/W. However, actual thermal performance depends on heat sink and fixture design, so this is only a very rough approximation. Accurate measurement can only be accomplished at the luminaire level.

Application Efficiency

Luminous efficacy is an important indicator of energy efficiency, but it doesn’t tell the whole story, particularly with regard to directional light sources.

Due to the directional nature of their light emission, LEDs potentially have higher application efficiency than other light sources in certain lighting applications. Fluorescent and standard “bulb” shaped incandescent lamps emit light in all directions. Much of the light produced by the lamp is lost within the fixture, reabsorbed by the lamp, or escapes from the fixture in a direction that is not useful for the intended application. For many fixture types, including recessed downlights, troffers, and under-cabinet fixtures, it is not uncommon for 40-50% of the total light output of the lamp(s) to be lost before it exits the fixture.

LEDs emit light in a specific direction, reducing the need for reflectors and diffusers that can trap light, so well-designed fixtures, like the undercabinet light shown below, can deliver light more efficiently to the intended location.

Terms

Application efficiency

While there is no standard definition of application efficiency, we use the term here to denote an important design consideration: that the desired illuminance level and lighting quality for a given application should be achieved with the lowest practicable energy input. Light source directionality and intensity may result in higher application efficiency even though luminous efficacy is lower relative to other light sources.

Jeffries electric holds a GSA schedule and provides  residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.

Lewisville electrician dicusses LED lights -reference – LED IV- doe

Tuesday, January 18th, 2011

This info is for reference and is in the public domain.

Light and Color Basics

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) differ from other light sources, such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps, in the way they generate white light. We are accustomed to lamps that emit white light. But what does that really mean? What appears to our eyes as “white” is actually a mix of different wavelengths in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The diagram below illustrates visible light as one small portion of the overall electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic radiation in wavelengths from about 380 to 770 nanometers is visible to the human eye.

   Incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps radiate across the visible spectrum, but with varying intensity in the different wavelengths. The spectral power distribution (SPD) for a given light source shows the relative radiant power emitted by the light source at each wavelength. Incandescent sources have a continuous SPD, but relative power is low in the blue and green regions. The typically “warm” color appearance of incandescent lamps is due to the relatively high emissions in the orange and red regions of the spectrum.

SPDs for fluorescent and HID sources are provided for comparison. These sources have “spikes” of relatively higher intensity at certain wavelengths, but still appear white to our eyes.

Unlike incandescent, fluorescent and HID sources, LEDs are near-monochromatic light sources. An individual LED chip emits light in a specific wavelength. This is why LEDs are comparatively so efficient for colored light applications. In traffic lights, for example, LEDs have largely replaced the old incandescent + colored filter systems. Using colored filters or lenses is actually a very inefficient way to achieve colored light. For example, a red filter on an incandescent lamp can block 90 percent of the visible light from the lamp. Red LEDs provide the same amount of light for about one-tenth the power (12 watts compared to 120+ watts) and last many times longer. However, to be used as a general light source, “white” light is needed. LEDs are not inherently white light sources.

Correlated Color Temperature

Correlated color temperature (CCT) describes the relative color appearance of a white light source, indicating whether it appears more yellow/gold or more blue, in terms of the range of available shades of white.

CCT is given in Kelvin (SI unit of absolute temperature) and refers to the appearance of a theoretical black body heated to high temperatures. As the black body gets hotter, it turns red, orange, yellow, white, and finally blue. The CCT of a light source is the temperature (in K) at which the heated black body matches the color of the light source in question.

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first. Jeffries Electric is a GSA schedule holder.

Electrician in Coppell discusses – led lighting -VI -doe

Monday, January 17th, 2011

Jeffries electric is a GSA schedule holder. The info provided is from the public domain. Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.LED lighting is great for outdoor lighting and landscape lighting. Save energy by conserve energy. Long lasting bulbs and white light are LED lamps.

Kitchen Undercabinet Lighting

Undercabinet lighting is potentially a good application for LEDs, taking advantage of their directionality and small size. This section looks at undercabinet specifically for residential kitchens, and presents information on the performance of several LED fixtures suited for this application.

Overview of Kitchen Undercabinet Lighting

Undercabinet lighting is used in kitchens to provide task lighting and to supplement the overall ambient lighting for the space. Undercabinet lights illuminate the horizontal task surface used for food preparation, reading cookbooks and food packages, cooking, and clean-up, and provide vertical illuminance on the wall behind the counter. Color temperature for residential kitchens is typically 3000K or lower, providing a warm look. Color rendering is important for evaluation of the appearance of food, for social interaction, and for complementing decorative finishes used in kitchens. The task plane is typically 20 to 22 inches in depth and the length varies in relationship to the upper and lower cabinets. Uniform illumination is important to prevent shadows and give the perception of a larger space.

Typical fixtures designed for use with halogen or fluorescent sources range from about 30% to 50% efficient, which means that half or more of the light produced by the lamps never leaves the fixture. The inherent directionality of LEDs can provide a distinct advantage, allowing them to compete with traditional light sources in this application. The table below presents energy and light output data for several traditional fixtures, two currently available LED-based undercabinet fixtures and one LED-based prototype. The LED fixtures tested are all more efficacious than halogen, and two of the three are approximately the same or more efficacious than the fluorescent fixture, on a luminaire basis.

Terms

Luminaire:

A complete lighting unit including lamp(s), ballast(s) (when applicable), and the parts designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect to the power supply.

Luminaire (fixture) efficiency:

The ratio of luminous flux (lumens) emitted by a luminaire to that emitted by the lamp or lamps used therein; expressed as a percentage.

Luminaire efficacy:

Total light output (lm) provided by the luminaire divided by the total wattage (W) drawn by the fixture, expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W).

Directionality:

Luminaires designed to take advantage of LED directionality can be more energy efficient than those using traditional light sources. For example, most incandescent and fluorescent lamps emit light in all directions. In typical undercabinet fixtures, only about half the light produced by the lamp actually comes out of the fixture. LED undercabinet luminaires can be designed to direct light to the horizontal countertop and vertical backsplash surfaces, using less total energy than other sources.

CCT:

Correlated color temperature indicates the relative color appearance of a white light source, from yellowish-white or “warm” (2700-3000 K) to bluish-white or “cool” (5000 K).

CRI:

Color rendering index is a measure of the ability of a light source to render colors accurately, on a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 being best.

Potential for Use of LEDs in Kitchen Undercabinet Lighting

LEDs are a natural fit for undercabinet lighting. The ability to string LEDs in a linear array or to cluster them in a puck-like fashion provides options to lighting designers to imitate the form factor of linear fluorescent lamps or the single lamps of a halogen or xenon fixture. The efficacy of newer high-flux LEDs is approaching that of fluorescent lamps with a wider choice of color temperatures available. The inherent directionality of LEDs allows a larger proportion of the available light to be directed where it is needed and not lost within the fixture.

Typical fixtures designed for use with halogen or fluorescent sources range from about 30% to 50% efficient, which means that half or more of the light produced by the lamps never leaves the fixture.

Luminaires for undercabinet applications are usually linear in design although “puck” style products are available as well. Luminaires were compared on a per-linear foot basis as products are sold in varying lengths with varying light outputs. Compared to the traditional fixtures, the LED fixtures provided equivalent or more lumens per linear foot. One of the LED fixtures produced more than two times the lumens per linear foot than the traditional fixtures. The bottom line of the table shows LED luminaire efficacy similar or better than the high performing fluorescent fixture. The three LED fixtures all have similar CCTs to both the halogen and the fluorescent fixtures although their CRIs are lower. One important caveat: lumen depreciation

Outdoor area lighting appears to be a promising application for LED technology. New products are being introduced regularly. As with all LED products, careful information gathering and research is needed to assess quality, performance, and overall value. 

 LEDs intended for lighting do not emit infrared or ultraviolet radiation.

What makes LEDs different from other light sources?

LEDs are semiconductor devices, while incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are all based on glass enclosures containing a filament or electrodes, with fill gases and coatings of various types.

LED lighting starts with a tiny chip (most commonly about 1 mm2) comprising layers of semi-conducting material. LED packages may contain just one chip or multiple chips, mounted on heat-conducting material and usually enclosed in a lens or encapsulant. The resulting device, typically around 7 to 9 mm on a side, can produce 30 to 150 lumens each, and can be used separately or in arrays. LED devices are mounted on a circuit board and attached to a lighting fixture, architectural structure, or even a “light bulb” package.

General illumination applications that may most benefit from the LED attributes described in this section including the following:

  • Undercabinet lighting
  • In-cabinet accent lighting
  • Adjustable task lighting
  • Refrigerated case lighting
  • Outdoor area lighting
  • Elevator lighting
  • Recessed downlights
  • Accent lights
  • Step and path lighting
  • Cove lighting
  • Spaces with occupancy sensors
  • Food preparation areas
  • Retail display cases
  • Art display lighting

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first. As a GSA schedule holder, we can help you meet your energy budget.

Coppell Electrician discusses LED lighting – reference- LED V -doe

Friday, January 14th, 2011

This data  is in the public domain and is for reference only.

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.

Lifetime of White LEDs

One of the main “selling points” of LEDs is their potentially very long life. Do they really last 50,000 hours or even 100,000 hours? It depends on LED quality, system design, operating environment, and other factors. This section provides information on lumen depreciation and life measurement for LEDs compared to other light sources.
Lumen Depreciation
All types of electric light sources experience lumen depreciation, defined as the decrease in lumen output that occurs as a lamp is operated. The causes of lumen depreciation in incandescent lamps are depletion of the filament over time and the accumulation of evaporated tungsten particles on the bulb wall. This typically results in 10% to 15% depreciation compared to initial lumen output over the 1,000 hour life of an incandescent lamp.
In fluorescent lamps, the causes of lumen depreciation are photochemical degradation of the phosphor coating and the glass tube, and the accumulation of light-absorbing deposits within the lamp over time. Specific lamp lumen depreciation curves are provided by the lamp manufacturers. Current high quality fluorescent lamps using rare earth phosphors will lose only 5-10% of initial lumens at 20,000 hours of operation. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) experience higher lumen depreciation compared to linear sources, but higher quality models generally lose no more than 20% of initial lumens over their 10,000 hour life.
Lumen depreciation in LEDs varies depending on package and system design. The primary cause of lumen depreciation is heat generated at the LED junction. LEDs do not emit heat as infrared radiation (IR) like other light sources, so the heat must be removed from the device by conduction or convection. If the LED system design has inadequate heat sinking or other means of removing the heat, the device temperature will rise, resulting in lower light output. Clouding of the epoxy encapsulant used to cover some LED chips also results in decreased lumens making it out of the device. Newer high-power LED devices use silicone as an encapsulant, which prevents this problem. LEDs continue to operate even after their light output has decreased to very low levels. This becomes the important factor in determining the effective useful life of the LED.
Measuring Light Source Life
We’ve all heard the small “pop” as an incandescent lamp fails. It’s the sound of the tungsten filament finally breaking as the electric current hits it. This makes it easy to recognize the end of life for an incandescent light source. With fluorescent lamps, end of life may involve flickering or the lamp may simply not activate when the switch is turned on. With LEDs, outright failure of the device is less likely, although it can happen due to component failure. Instead, the LED’s light output slowly declines over time.
The lifetimes of traditional light sources are rated through established test procedures. The life testing procedure for compact fluorescent lamps, for example, is published by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) as LM-65. It calls for a statistically valid sample of lamps to be tested at an ambient temperature of 25 degrees Celsius using an operating cycle of 3 hours ON and 20 minutes OFF. The point at which half the lamps in the sample have failed is the rated average life for that lamp. For 10,000 hour lamps, this process takes about 15 months.
How are LED lifetimes rated? Life testing for LEDs is impractical due to the long expected lifetimes. Switching is not a determining factor in LED life, so there is no need for the on-off cycling used with other light sources. But even with 24/7 operation, testing an LED for 50,000 hours would take 5.7 years. Because the technology continues to develop and evolve so quickly, products would be obsolete by the time they finished life testing.
A life testing procedure for LEDs is currently under development by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). The proposed method is based on the idea of “useful life,” i.e., the operating time in hours at which the device’s light output has declined to a level deemed to no longer meet the needs of the application. For example, for general ambient lighting, the level might be set at 70% of initial lumens. Useful life would be stated as the average number of hours that the LED would operate before depreciating to 70% of initial lumens.
The leading LED manufacturers have begun using the L70 language, stating that their white LEDs “are projected” to have lumen maintenance of greater than 70% on average after 50,000 hours when used in accordance with published guidelines.
Electrical and thermal design of the LED system or fixture determine how long LEDs will last and how much light they will provide. Driving the LED at higher than rated current will increase relative light output but decrease useful life. Operating the LED at higher than design temperature will also decrease useful life significantly.
How do the lifetime projections for LEDs compare to traditional light sources?
Light Source
Range of Typical Rated Life (hours)*
(varies by specific lamp type)
Estimated Useful Life
(L70)
Incandescent
750-2,000
 
Halogen incandescent
3,000-4,000
 
Compact fluorescent (CFL)
8,000-10,000
 
Metal halide
7,500-20,000
 
Linear fluorescent
20,000-30,000
 
High-Power White LED
 
35,000-50,000

Jeffries electric has great residential electric repairs and commercial electric repairs. We install 200 amp panels and replace federal breaker panels. We install landscape lights and recessed lights. We fix electrical plugs and electrical switches and 3 way switches. we are your Denton electrician, Coppell electrician, lewisville electrician, highland village electrician, Frisco electrician, Plano electrician, corinth electrician. We fix gfci plugs and repair breakers. We install whole house surge protector. Licensed electrician and insured electrician. Add phone outlets. We repair landscape lights. We fix light switches. Install ground rod. Electric repair work should be performed by a licensed electrician. Be safe and turn off the breaker first.